Toray Industries, Inc. (founded 1926, Tokyo) began developing water treatment membranes in 1968. Its Water Solutions division manufactures reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), ultrafiltration (UF), microfiltration (MF) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) membrane elements in spiral-wound, hollow-fiber and flat-sheet configurations. Products serve brackish and seawater desalination, water reuse and purification, and process and specialty separations. Manufacturing at ISO 9001-certified facilities in Japan and the US. Regional subsidiaries include Toray Membrane Middle East (TMME) in Dammam, Toray Membrane USA and Toray Membrane Europe AG.